• br Introduction Coping with DNA damage

  2020-03-17

  

  Introduction Coping with DNA damage is possible thanks to surveillance mechanisms (checkpoints), that detect the problem and promote its solution [1], [2], and to repair and tolerance pathways that remove the lesions or reduce the damage consequences [3], [4]. Failures in these processes have a h

• Not all of the biological activities exhibited by

  2020-03-16

  

  Not all of the biological activities exhibited by progestogens (Table 1) are mediated via binding to SRs. For example, the anti-estrogenic action of progestogens in the AG-014699 is due to the progestogen-bound PR suppressing ER gene expression, and consequently the ability of the cell to respond t

• There are two types of

  2020-03-16

  

  There are two types of DDRs, DDR1 and DDR2, which are type I transmembrane RTKs characterized by an N-terminal extracellular discoidin domain containing a collagen binding site [8]. DDR1 expression is somewhat restricted to epithelial cells, while DDR2 is often expressed in cells of mesenchymal orig

• Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors DPP is or gliptins stimulate

  2020-03-16

  

  Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is or gliptins) stimulate both post-meal insulin secretion and inhibit dopamine beta hydroxylase secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, rendering the risk of hypoglycaemia minimal [10]. They are weight-neutral or may even induce slight weight loss. Their go

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments

  2020-03-16

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Incessant consumption of fossil fuels brings on global energy crisis and serious environmental concerns. Hence, the researchers have paid considerable attention to alternative renewable bioenergy. Microalgae has been considered as potenti

• We propose two hypotheses to interpret

  2020-03-16

  

  We propose two hypotheses to interpret our findings. The first, ELR (+) CXC chemokines stimulate both CXCR-1 and CXCR-2 chemokine receptor while activating neutrophils; however CXCR-1 chemokine receptor seems to play more active role in the process of neutrophil migration as shown in previous studie

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2020-03-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Chicken thrombocyte stimulation with LPS leads to a number of inflammatory responses through TLR4-linked pathways (Scott and Owens, 2008). In mammals, LPS binds to LPS-binding protein (LBP) in the blood serum and this complex is subsequently recogniz

• It is noteworthy that epidemiological studies have demonstra

  2020-03-16

  

  It is noteworthy that epidemiological studies have demonstrated that some GAD patients have experienced anxiety symptoms in childhood and young adulthood, whereas others have developed their disorder at a later age (especially persons ≥ 50 years of age) (Hoehn-Saric et al., 1993; Le Roux et al., 200

• In the intestine absorbed cholesterol can either be esterifi

  2020-03-16

  

  In the intestine, absorbed cholesterol can either be esterified by ACAT2 (Soat2) and packed into chylomicrons, transported back to the intestinal lumen by ABCG5/ABCG8, or it can be transported into HDL by ABCA1. ACAT2 is confined to enterocytes and hepatocytes and esterifies cholesterol for intracel

• br Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans CSPGs

  2020-03-16

  

  Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are major components of the extracellular matrix in cartilage. Each CSPG comprises a single core protein and attached chondroitin sulfate (CS), belonging to the glycosaminoglycan family of sugar chains. CSPGs and CS are involved in numerous biological and

• DDR is one of two non integrin tyrosine kinase receptors

  2020-03-13

  

  DDR1 is one of two, non-integrin tyrosine kinase receptors activated by collagen. Although DDR1 has five isoforms (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) generated by alternative splicing, only DDR1a and 1b have active kinase domains, whereas DDR2, encoded by a distinct gene, has one isoform (Vogel et al., 2006). Coll

• The Lysine mutant is located in the

  2020-03-13

  

  The Lysine429 mutant is located in the tail region of 5-HT2A, which is predicted to be unstructured. This region has been shown to interact, in vitro, with PSD95 and leads to differences in signaling (Xia et al., 2003). The ASK motif, a component of the tail region, is also important for regulation

• Almost all previously published haplotype association

  2020-03-13

  

  Almost all previously published haplotype association studies have demonstrated the importance of haplotype reconstruction because the combinations of SNPs exert synergistic effects on protein function. Even synonymous polymorphisms within haplotypes can have functional consequences that are drastic

• Besides the assessment of toxicological effects

  2020-03-13

  

  Besides the assessment of toxicological effects immediately after exposure, we also studied the potential recovery of the exposed organisms, through the quantification of ChE activity at specific time intervals after placing organisms in clean test medium. Recovery from chemical challenge, in this c

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2020-03-13

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Schistosome cercarial elastase secreted from the acetabular glands of cercariae is recognized to play a critical role in mammalian host skin penetration upon infection. The present study extends the understanding of biochemical and immunological prop

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