• Next to their indirect effect on ASBT expression

  2022-03-29

  

  Next to their indirect effect on ASBT expression, microbiota are also directly involved in BA homeostasis and FXR-FGF15/19 signaling. Different species of intestinal microbiota have the ability to biotransform BAs mainly by deconjugation and subsequent de-hydroxylation, the latter resulting in more

• Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and

  2022-03-29

  

  Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and to the membrane. For instance, the GABA transporter GAT1 is recycled in a calcium and depolarization dependent manner. GAT1 located in the plasma membrane is internalized to a subpopulation of small vesicles different from the classical neu

• Apart from a few mutations which affect intracellular

  2022-03-29

  

  Apart from a few mutations, which affect intracellular and extracellular loops of hCRT-1, the mutations are primarily found in the hydrophobic core of the transporter; in fact, TMDs 7 and 8 appear to be a hot spot for mutations (Freissmuth et al., 2018). Several mutations are found at positions, whi

• br Acknowledgments br Free fatty acids FFAs are not

  2022-03-29

  

  Acknowledgments Free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutritional components, but they also function as signaling molecules. Recently, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) de-orphanizing strategy successfully identified multiple receptors for FFAs, which function on the cell surface and

• Introduction The brain contains abundant fatty

  2022-03-29

  

  Introduction The brain contains abundant fatty acids, which serve as constituents of membranes and as an energy source. In addition, fatty acids and their metabolites contribute to signal transduction between neurons or neurons and glial cells, suggesting that fatty acids play a crucial role in dev

• To get a broader view of the

  2022-03-29

  

  To get a broader view of the interplay between glycolysis and Hippo signaling, we tested the involvement of YAP1 in the regulation of C-MYC and GLUT1 expression. We were able to detect a YAP1-TEAD1 interaction in the nuclear fraction of Jurkat Chlorpropamide and confirm the inhibition of this inter

• hippo pathway br Regulation of the GLI code by

  2022-03-29

  

  Regulation of the GLI code by non-HH signals and by the oncogenic load The GLI code may be seen as the essential parameter to regulate canonical HH output. Its regulation first appeared to be strictly dependent on the presence of specific levels of HH ligands. Indeed, GLI1 transcription is so far

• br Introduction G protein coupled

  2022-03-29

  

  Introduction G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the largest family of receptors involved in cell membrane signal transduction and have become one of the leading therapeutic targets worldwide (Chakraborty and Chattopadhyay, 2015; Bouvier, 2001; Sriram and Insel, 2018). GPCRs sign

• The second experiment investigated the possible

  2022-03-29

  

  The second experiment investigated the possible neuronal mechanism underlying the effect of acupuncture. The baseline level of methamphetamine consumption in each group was similar, as in the first experiment (Fig. 2A). Acupuncture at HT7 also significantly inhibited the methamphetamine self-adminis

• The effect of on the

  2022-03-29

  

  The effect of on the conformational of G-quadruplexes was investigated with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. In the absence of , the CD spectra of parallel G-quadruplex exhibited a characteristic positive peak at about 265 nm, and a negative peak at about 240 nm; antiparallel G-quadruplex showe

• A mutation in stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase gene

  2022-03-29

  

  A mutation in stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 gene was reported to reduce sebum production and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) synthesis in mice, which was accompanied with impaired clearance of gram-positive bacteria-induced skin infection (Georgel et al., 2005). Interestingly, gram-positive ba

• Current studies have identified five orphan

  2022-03-29

  

  Current studies have identified five orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be activated by free fatty acids (FFAs), GPR40, GPR41, GPR43, GPR84, and GPR120. Short-chain fatty acids (FAs) are specific agonists of GPR41 and GPR43 [21] and middle-chain FAs agonize GPR84 [22]. Long-chain FAs

• br Conflict of interest statement br References and recommen

  2022-03-28

  

  Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements We thank Urann Chan for assistance with the figures. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of

• In various models histamine has been shown to

  2022-03-28

  

  In various models, histamine has been shown to induce chemotaxis. This was first appreciated over 40 years’ ago in studies with eosinophils (Clark et al., 1977). At that time, only histamine H1 and histamine H2 receptors were recognized and studies with ligands to these receptors indicated that neit

• The initial hyperproliferation phase during crypt regenerati

  2022-03-28

  

  The initial hyperproliferation phase during crypt regeneration is reminiscent of the effects of Apc loss during tumour initiation and genetic studies show Yap and Taz are also required for adenoma formation in mice [10••, 12•, 13]. Furthermore, Yap activation by Mst1/2 or Sav deletion increases cryp

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