• ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator

  2024-07-31

  

  ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator of the G1 mct2 pathway checkpoint, whereas the induction of the intra-S-phase and G2/M checkpoints are usually primarily related to ATR function. However, several studies have demonstrated that, depending on the cellular context and type of DNA

• Songbirds are outstanding models in the

  2024-07-31

  

  Songbirds are outstanding models in the study of vocal communication (Maney and Pinaud, 2011). Following the pioneering studies of William H. Thorpe and Peter Marler on the development of song in chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) and white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) (Marler, 2004; Thorp

• Hypoxia of the adipose tissue

  2024-07-31

  

  Hypoxia of the adipose tissue is a key step in the inflammatory response linked to obesity and contributes to accelerated tumor progression in the obese population (Rosenow et al., 2013). Intermittent hypoxia exposure induces a 2.2-fold increase in the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages an

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Arginase catalyzes

  2024-07-31

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Arginase catalyzes the reaction in which l-arginine is converted to l-ornithine and urea. In humans, two arginase isoenzymes have been identified, arginase 1 and arginase 2, that differ in cellular location and tissue distribution [1]. Both arginase enzymes a

• br Application of bamboo in the food and pharmaceutical

  2024-07-31

  

  Application of bamboo in the food and pharmaceutical industry For decades, the application of antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industry has been widespread. In the past, antioxidants were previously used to control oxidation and retard spoilage but today, many are used because of putat

• Indications that HMGA proteins are involved in

  2024-07-31

  

  Indications that HMGA proteins are involved in regulating the structure and function of large chromatin domains come from the early work of Saitoh and Laemmli [143]. Employing immunolocalization techniques, these workers demonstrated that HMGA1 proteins are co-localized with both histone H1 and the

• Although it is not known if CP AMPAR regulation is

  2024-07-31

  

  Although it is not known if CP-AMPAR regulation is required for LTD, our previous characterization of AKAP150ΔPIX knockin mice that are selectively deficient in CaN anchoring, due to disruption of a PxIxIT-type CaN docking motif, provided important insights. We found that AKAP-CaN signaling dephosph

• The RE compartment has been shown to be critical for

  2024-07-31

  

  The RE compartment has been shown to be critical for supplying AMPAR during LTP (Hanley, 2010; Park et al., 2004), but whether they also supply AMPAR for synaptic scaling has been less clear (Gainey et al., 2015; Tan et al., 2015). Interestingly, although an increase in μ3A is necessary for scaling,

• br The lipoxygenase pathway in diseases

  2024-07-31

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the nervous system Conclusions and future perspectives Arachidonic Alisol A receptor and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their lipid metabolites, play very important roles in human health and disease. This review has outlined the functions

• Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA probes reveal

  2024-07-31

  

  Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA probes reveal the precise cellular location of the 12S-lipoxygenases in tissues of interest. An immunohistochemical study in various rat tissues showed specific expression of the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenase in macrophages in lung and spleen [27]. In

• br The role of LOX plays

  2024-07-31

  

  The role of 12/15-LOX plays in autophagy Autophagy is a process by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomal to degrade the damaged organelles and proteins to facilitate nutrient recycling (Towers and Thorburn, 2016). There has been characterized three types of autophagy-macroautophagy, m

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgement This

  2024-07-30

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgement This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number 15K18770). Introduction Neural crest 2-D08 are multipotent progenitors in the vertebrate embryo that give rise to a vast array of different cell types including pigment cells, craniofacial skeleton and mesenc

• The AHR potentially enhances IDO expression possibly via cro

  2024-07-30

  

  The AHR potentially enhances IDO-expression, possibly via crosstalk with several inflammatory signaling pathways (shown by now for IL6 and ‘signal transducer and activator of transcription’ (STAT) 3, and for NFκB, toll like receptor-pathways) [56,59,60]. IDO metabolizes Trp to kynurenines, which are

• It is also possible that adrenoceptor activation may inhibit

  2024-07-30

  

  It is also possible that α2-adrenoceptor activation may inhibit glutamate accumulation by upregulating the glutamate-buffering activity of Müller PF-670462 through EAAT1 or adjusting EAAT2 in bipolar cells, as well as the NMDA receptor. Therefore, we investigated whether topical administration of br

• br Conflict of interest br

  2024-07-30

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English language editing. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant Number 24592576. Co-existence of β- and β-adrenergic recept

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