• Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic inflammatory disease Local

  2019-11-13

  

  Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic inflammatory disease. Local inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathological development and progression of this disease [24]. In addition to TNF-α, several other cytokines, chemokines, and other factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein have been ind

• Orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides is a coral reef

  2019-11-13

  

  Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is a coral reef fish with a high commercial value in China and Southeast Asian countries. However, in recent years, various outbreaks of viral diseases have affected the grouper aquaculture industry (Wei et al., 2010). Specifically, Singapore grouper iri

• The BDNF Val Met polymorphism is also associated

  2019-11-13

  

  The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is also associated with decreased dendritic arborization and impaired long-term potentiation [25]. This is particularly important for the hippocampus, and healthy individuals with a BDNF Val66Met allele have decreased hippocampal volumes [30]. Hippocampal atrophy is co

• Unlike many forms of SNHL cCMV may be

  2019-11-13

  

  Unlike many forms of SNHL, cCMV may be treatable. The antiviral drug valganciclovir (VGCV) has been proposed to improve hearing, speech, and language outcomes associated with this infection [6]. A recent publication from the CASG (Collaborative Antiviral Study Group) reported that a six-month course

• Perturbations in cell cycle are known to

  2019-11-13

  

  Perturbations in pim kinase inhibitor are known to induce apoptosis. Our results show that a fraction of the DT40YB-1b+/− cells, in addition to becoming tetraploids, undergo apoptotic cell death. Similar observations linking polyploidy and apoptosis have been made in the past [23], [30], [31], [32]

• br Conflict of interest statement br References and

  2019-11-13

  

  Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements We acknowledge financial support by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Federal

• br PFL AE as a model for the GRE

  2019-11-13

  

  PFL-AE as a model for the GRE–AEs Most of the GRE–AEs have proven difficult to study due to instability, difficulty in overexpression, lability of the iron-sulfur cluster, or other reasons. PFL-AE is the exception, and after the initial discovery of the iron–sulfur cluster in this enzyme [60], co

• Potential break through technology poised

  2019-11-13

  

  Potential break-through technology poised to overcome these above-mentioned limitations is that of the “substrate mediated enzyme prodrug therapy”, SMEPT (Fig. 1). Learning from the previously established enzyme prodrug therapies (EPT) and specifically the antibody-directed EPT (ADEPT) [12], develop

• The role of ETB clearing receptors

  2019-11-13

  

  The role of ETB clearing receptors has been studied in detail in endothelial cell–specific ETB knock-out mice. In these animals, clearance of an intravenous ryanodine of labeled ET-1 was reduced significantly compared with wild-type controls. Importantly, functioning ETB were retained on all other

• Neurotensin Celiac disease occurs in the small intestine due

  2019-11-13

  

  Celiac disease occurs in the small intestine due to the ingestion of gluten and triggers an immune response by T-cells resulting in tissue remodelling and malnutrition [6]. Earlier studies by many researchers have shown that the prolamins of gluten are the toxic agent for celiac disease, since they

• br Introduction Cancer related inflammation is associated

  2019-11-13

  

  Introduction Cancer related inflammation is associated with poor prognosis and reduced survival in numerous human malignancies. Expansion of myeloid derived immune ABT 702 dihydrochloride in response to tumor-secreted factors largely contributes to the heightened systemic and intra-tumoral inflam

• Initially the cause of hypoglycemia was not apparent There

  2019-11-13

  

  Initially, the cause of hypoglycemia was not apparent. There was no detectable lesion in the pancreas on plain computed tomography, and anti-insulin antibody was negative. Eight hours after hospital admission, his son discovered that the patient had accidentally taken glimepiride 3mg/day for 3 days.

• Multiple lines of evidence now indicate that

  2019-11-12

  

  Multiple lines of evidence now indicate that mitochondrial decay is a fundamental factor that leads to alterations in energy metabolism in the aged heart (Hagen et al., 2002, Judge and Leeuwenburgh, 2007, Lesnefsky et al., 2001c). Nevertheless, the exact biochemical events that cause such an alterat

• The modes of action of insecticides are classified by

  2019-11-12

  

  The modes of action of insecticides are classified by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) [6]. In this classification, a large proportion of insecticides are categorized as nerve- and muscle-targeting insecticides, which encompass GABACl antagonists (Group 2) and GluCl allosteric modu

• br Conclusion Our study demonstrates

  2019-11-12

  

  Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the effects of Epac activation are strongly conditioned by the steady-state Ca levels at which the myocyte is functioning. As intracellular Ca increases, the activity of CaMKII enhances and the phosphorylation of its SR substrates acquires different relevanc

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