• The atherosclerosis development requires additional pro infl

  2021-11-08

  

  The atherosclerosis development requires additional pro-inflammatory response in the vascular tissue, promoting increased levels of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β are able to upr

• Based on the role of NMDA

  2021-11-08

  

  Based on the role of NMDA receptors in initiation and propagation of epileptic seizures and on potentiation of NMDA function by glycine, it has been hypothesized that glycine will have proconvulsant activity (Foster and Kemp, 1989). Indeed, there is some evidence that human epileptogenic foci, remov

• Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic neu

  2021-11-08

  

  Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic neuronal damage in disorders of the CNS (Schwartz et al., 2003). EAATs are considered to contribute to prevention of excitotoxicity by glutamate uptake. Our data revealed that expression levels of membrane EAAT proteins in astrocytes are much

• Here we studied the effects of BZ

  2021-11-08

  

  Here we studied the effects of BZ flurazepam (FZ) at high doses in acute and chronic settings of tolerance and dependence in GluR-A−/− mice (Zamanillo et al., 1999). We used measurements in which the phenomenon of “learning while intoxicated” should play only a minor role in order to find out the si

• A high fat maternal diet during the pregestation

  2021-11-08

  

  A high-fat maternal diet during the pregestation period and extending throughout gestation (including the period of conception) has the propensity of affecting early embryonic development and placentation. Previous investigations have revealed that the preimplantation embryos are generally exposed t

• br Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate

  2021-11-08

  

  Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for peptides similar to glucagon Genes for receptors for peptides similar to glucagon and other secretin-like hormones have been identified in a number of vertebrate species (Sivarajah et al., 2001, Chow et al., 2004, Irwin and Wong, 2005, Cardoso et

• Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated that FXR activity

  2021-11-08

  

  Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated that FXR activity is necessary to maintain a proper integrity of intestinal tight junction [18]. HF diet-induced bowel dysfunction impaired FXR activity and affected fecal BA profile. Generally, it augmented the concentration of secondary BAs in the colon e.

• The ultimate success of multimodal probe in the inflammation

  2021-11-08

  

  The ultimate success of multimodal probe in the inflammation imaging will be dependent on simplicity in synthesis (combining various modules without protection/deprotection), ease of optimization of pharmacological properties (linker group with tunable PEG moiety), co-registration of macroscopic and

• In conclusion the data reported in this study

  2021-11-08

  

  In conclusion, the data reported in this study have demonstrated an important role for FAAH substrates in the Fmoc-Ala-OH in the modulation of TLR4-induced neuroinflammatory and associated anhedonic responses, but not acute sickness behaviour. Such potent neuroimmunomodulatory effects were shown to

• Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and

  2021-11-06

  

  Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and to the membrane. For instance, the GABA transporter GAT1 is recycled in a calcium and depolarization dependent manner. GAT1 located in the plasma membrane is internalized to a subpopulation of small vesicles different from the classical neu

• ketorolac toradol To further investigate the molecular

  2021-11-06

  

  To further investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie glycine's β-cell protective effects through its antioxidative activity in diabetes, we used a H2O2/high glucose-induced apoptosis cell model. Similar effects on ROS generation of high glucose and H2O2 support the in vivo results, suggesti

• Given and a module N we put The right

  2021-11-06

  

  Given and a -module N, we put The right hand side makes sense because we regard g as an eicosapentaenoic acid of and meanwhile . It is also a skew group ring, identified with via the following equation It follows that becomes a -module, with Analogous to the situation of group representations,

• Apart from a few mutations which affect intracellular and ex

  2021-11-06

  

  Apart from a few mutations, which affect intracellular and extracellular loops of hCRT-1, the mutations are primarily found in the hydrophobic core of the transporter; in fact, TMDs 7 and 8 appear to be a hot spot for mutations (Freissmuth et al., 2018). Several mutations are found at positions, whi

• An increased sympathetic tone and the hormone glucagon are t

  2021-11-06

  

  An increased sympathetic tone and the hormone glucagon are the main glucose mobilizing factors [28], [29]. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human islet cells suggests the expression of Ffar1 not only in β-cells but also in α-cells [30]. Moreover, analysis of rat α-cells indicates that FFAR1 exp

• Epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia are probably triggered

  2021-11-06

  

  Epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia are probably triggered centrally, perhaps with input from peripheral hypoglycemia sensing [3], [4]. We observed increased epinephrine responses in GCK-MODY and I366F diabetic mice. Consistent with a role for IBA GCK in detecting a low blood glucose, we also saw

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